Protestantism in the United States free essay sample

Mainline holy places share a typical way to deal with social issus, they were consistently dynamic in social causes, for example, social liberties second. As a gathering, the mainline houses of worship have kept up strict regulation that stressesâ social justiceâ and personalâ salvation. Fervency Evangelical Churches energetic express and offer they confidence through gospel-(sharing the uplifting news) in different ways, that incorporates lecturing and social activities. They remain among fundamentalists and nonconformists. The biggest grouping of Evangelicals can be found in the United States, with 28. % of populace or 91. 6 million, not exactly a fourth of the world figure †¢ conversionism, the conviction that lives should be changed; †¢ activism, the outflow of the gospel in exertion; †¢ biblicism, a specific respect for the Bible; and †¢ crucicentrism, a weight on the penance of Christ on the cross. The biggest divisions: Baptists Baptistsâ are the biggest Protestant gathering in the United States, and the Southern Baptist Conventionâ is the biggest Protestant section in the U. We will compose a custom exposition test on Protestantism in the United States or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page S. , with 16â million individuals. Pentecostalism is the second division in USA . It is a strict development ithin Protestantism, that places extraordinary accentuation on an immediate individual encounter of God through theâ baptism of the Holy Spirit. Pentecostals will in general consider their to be as mirroring a similar sort of otherworldly force, revere styles and lessons that were found in theâ early church. Lutheranism Lutheran division, is the third biggest section in USA that relates to the religious philosophy of Martin Luther, a German reformer. Luthers who distributed 95 Theses, that speeded the possibility of Protestantism. Lutherans have 4 primary concerns I their religion: Only the Christ, Only the Bible, Faith, Grace Presbyterianism Presbyterianismâ is a branch of Protestant Christianity that holds fast to the Calvinist theological custom and whose gatherings are sorted out as indicated by a Presbyterian commonwealth. Presbyterian philosophy ordinarily underscores the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the need ofâ graceâ through confidence in Christ. Restorationism, once in a while called Christian primitivism, alludes to the conviction held by different strict developments that unique Christianity or the Christianity of the Apostolic Ageâ should be reestablished. A large number of them are Nontrinitarian, that is they dismiss the Holy Trinity.

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) Essay

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) - Essay Example Understudy accomplishment in the most basic scholastic abilities kept on declining, particularly in low-pay school regions. In this manner, the ESEA was intended to fill in as a subsidizing hotspot for basic and optional training in the United States was intended to give financing to better instructive assets, allot subsidizing for government funded schools with a requirement for extra money related help and give government-supported awards that would upgrade the nature of state branches of training. Throughout the decades since the initiation of ESEA, it was resolved that update of the ESEA was required to address the issues of contemporary understudies in America. This need prompted the execution of the Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994 in the Clinton organization and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 which both upgraded the Elementary and Secondary Education Act to make instructive change progressively significant for present day scholarly needs. In any case, there is as yet a requirement for additional instructive change that outperforms the pertinence of the NCLB as there are quantifiable insufficiencies identified with this Act. This paper investigates the issues related with NCLB which command further corrections to this Act so as to completely address the issues in today’s state funded school areas. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, while a significant bit of enactment to guarantee higher caliber of instruction, neglects to address certain issues in today’s society. This update to the ESEA doesn't appropriately address the objective of advancing bilingualism. In a significant number of today’s state funded schools, there is a quantifiable deficiency of teachers with the capability and preparing to give bilingual figuring out how to youngsters in basic and optional schools. It is evaluated that there are about 5.1 million understudies needing English-as-a-second-language guidance all through the United States (Cuellar, De la Colina and Battle, 2007). With development in vagrant youngsters currently took a crack at state funded schools

Tuition Fee Vote Scheduled

Tuition Fee Vote Scheduled The OE Blog The government has announced that MPs will vote on Thursday 9th December on plans to raise tuition fees in England to £9000. The vote will prove a vital moment for the Coalition government, whose fledgling ties have already been severely tested by the issue of university tuition. Following the Browne review of higher education, the government proposed a plan which would see state funding for education massively cut, with huge rises in tuition fees paving the way for students to foot the bill for their education instead. Liberal Democrat Difficulties This has proved a particularly sticky political situation for the Liberal Democrats, who signed pledges during the election campaign to oppose any rise in tuition fees as they wooed the student vote. Since the announcement of the new plans, students have taken to the streets in their tens of thousands to protest against the introduction of a new tuition fee system that they say will devastate access to education in this country for those from disadvantaged backgrounds as well as saddling generations of future students with untenable debt. The rage of marchers and of protesters carrying out occupations at universities across the country has focussed on the Liberal Democrats and their leader Nick Clegg, the Deputy Prime Minister. Clegg U-Turn After vociferously campaigning on the subject of tuition fees, calling the debt already imposed on students by the current system a travesty, and promising to oppose any rise in tuition fees at every turn in Parliament, Clegg now claims that the economic situation has made his former plans untenable, and that the coalition proposals are the fairest alternative. Tuition fee impact on students Clegg claims that 25% of the poorest students will actually be better off under the new tuition fee scheme, which would see students pay nothing up front, and loan repayments begin at a higher earning threshold. But respected think tank Million+ has published research indicating that the majority of students would in fact be saddled with tens of thousands of extra debt, with the brunt of the burden falling on middle-income families and earners from the middle classes. Access to University Clegg has promised extra incentives, scholarships and access schemes to prevent the rise in university fees from discouraging disadvantaged students from applying. The government announced this week that this would include a fund allowing students who had been eligible for the free school meals plan to have one or two years of their university tuition paid for by the system. Their proposal was somewhat dampened however, by their admission that the money for this scheme would come from the same pot already set aside by the government for university access and scholarship schemes, thus admitting that it does not in fact represent a new scheme or any ‘extra’ allowance for poorer students. Tuition fee protests Protesters, coordinated by the National Union of Students and led by Aaron Porter, have taken to the streets in their masses, with three huge demonstrations and marches through central London bringing Whitehall to a standstill and creating an enormous public show of indignation. Meanwhile in tribute to the peaceful civil disobedience of student protesters in the late sixties, students at several universities including UCL and Cambridge have staged peaceful occupations of university buildings to raise awareness of the cause and to persuade their institutions to act against the governments plans. They have been supported by long lists of respected academics, politicians, philosophers and artists from across the world, including Billy Bragg and respected philosopher Noam Chomsky. Liberal Democrats divided Meanwhile, Clegg’s actions have raised serious concerns and the threat of a split within his own party. A group of 100 important Liberal Democrat members signed a petition begging him to remember their “party values” and claiming that he has abandoned “party policy” as it had been decided at the party conferences. Within the higher ranks too there have been grave concerns, with members as important and high-profile as Vince Cable expressing their reluctance to vote for the proposals, and transport minister Norman Baker threatening to quit his post in order to vote against the rise in tuition fees. Party conference cancelled The strength of feeling surrounding the debate is clear, with the Liberal Democrats unable to hold a party conference this week to strengthen and unify their position due to the risk of becoming surrounded by thousands of protesters. Two independent venues have cancelled their bookings, leaving them in the embarrassing situation of being unable to hold their conference at all until the New Year, a show of strength claimed as a victory by the protesters. Labour opposition Those opposing the plan, including the Labour party and its leader Ed Miliband, claim that it is utterly unfair, brutally shoving an unbearable level of debt onto graduate backs and that it will have a devastating impact on the numbers of students from disadvantaged backgrounds applying to university at all. However the impact of their opposition in Parliament has been dampened by the Labour party’s failure to present a viable or universally supported alternative for tuition fees, with high-ranking party members such as Shadow Chancellor Alan Johnson casting doubt on the feasibility of Miliband’s preferred graduate tax system. MPs to vote on tuition fees Thursday’s vote on university tuition fees remains the cause of much controversy and anticipation, with speculation rife that Liberal Democrat MPs are under simultaneous pressure from their leader to vote for the motion, and from protesters to honour their pledges and take advantage of the provision in the coalition deal allowing them to abstain. With such strength of feeling riding on the vote, there are any number of possible outcomes, with the very real possibility of a three-way split between those voting for and against and those choosing to abstain.

The movie The Hunger Games - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1031 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Hunger Games Essay Did you like this example? The movie, The Hunger Games takes place in a totalitarian-like nation called Panem and its 13 districts. The Capitol of Panem, is a utopian city that oversees all the districts and is governed by the dictator, President Snow. The citizens that reside in the capitol are amongst the wealthiest and most influential individuals within Panem, the citizens here are known for their extravagant lifestyle and over the top sense of style. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The movie The Hunger Games" essay for you Create order Meanwhile, the citizens of each district work hard to provide the Capitol and its resident with the resources needed to maintain their lifestyles. Having to export everything to the Capitol, leaves the district citizens with little to nothing to survive off. Panem used to have 13 Districts but after a rebellion in District 13 broke out, President Snow released toxic bombs onto District 13 and now only 12 Districts remain. As a means of instilling fear and destroying the citizens sense of Hope, President Snow created and built a televised arena to host an annual competition, known as the Hunger Games. This competition consisted of 1 male and 1 female from each District, for a total of 24 participants and they were sent into a televised arena to fight for their lives, as there could only be one victor. The games went on uninterrupted until the 74th Annual games, when Katniss Everdeen volunteered to take her sisters place. This act of love gave others hope and it was that small amount o f hope that started a new revolution. Based on the summary, one would assume that Social Conflict Theory would best fit this movie, but let us first explore all three paradigms and then determine the best fitting paradigm for The Hunger Games. The first paradigm, Functionalism Theory advocated by Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim; it sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and social order. These different parts, known as social structures, are seen as fulfilling specific social functions. For example, the purpose of family is to fulfill the role of socializing children and in turn teach them how to live within society. In the film, Katniss father passed away and left behind two daughters and a widow. Due to the lack of a father, Katniss steps up and assigns herself that paternal role. When this role is reassigned, Katniss unknowingly is proving her family with attention, emotional support and protection within her family. Another example of functionalism, it the role each District provides the Capitol with. Each district is in charge of providing the Capitol with a specific resource and together, all the districts help provide for the Capitol. Seeing as the Capitol is the sole controller of Panem and its districts, it maintains order by setting up an effervescent government, strict caste system and shared norms, ideas and values. In the eyes of the Capitol, the rules are set up fairly to favor both the elites and the districts and allows people to believe in this disillusioned belief that if people work really hard, they too can move up the ranks. The second paradigm Conflict Theory, is advocated by Karl Marx. Conflict theorists imagine society as being composed of different groups that struggle over limited resources such as status, power, money, land, etc. This view sees change as being fundamental to society. The entire premise behind this movie is the class-conflict between the two classes, the Capitolist who have immense wealth, influence and power and the Districts who have to work to barely survive. This way of life works for some time but eventually resistance is bound to take place. This resistance forced the Capitol to take severe actions on its own people, as a means to ensure balance was restored. The use of the Annual Hunger Games functions to intimidate and isolate the districts, provide entertainment for the Capitolists and give hope to the participants that they would be that one remaining victor. Lastly, Interactionist paradigms advocated by George Mead, Charles Cooley and Erving Goffman. Interactionism focuse s on peoples individual social situations, and the meaning that they attach to them. Interactionism understands society as the product of everyday social interactions, such as the shared reality that people create through interactions. Interactionists see society as a large group of people interacting with one another. The Capitol is the epicenter of the Districts, and it closely monitors everything around them. It sees when police presence is needed to teach district residents about respect and order and that they are to follow orders not matter what. Another example of symbolic interactionism is the main character, Katniss Everdeen; she is the symbol for change, fire, destruction and rebellion and is nicknamed the mockingjay. She unintentionally goes against all norms, provides people with a sense of hope and sees whats wrong with the world. During the televised games, Katniss shows remorse towards a fellow competitor by giving the competitor a proper burial. This act of selflessn ess hadnt been seen in previous games and everyone is shocked when they see that not everyone lacks humanity. At the end of the film, Katniss decided to one again go against the rules and decides that for this years games there will either be two or no victors. Based on the three paradigms presented, the movie The Hunger Games is vastly represented by Social Conflict Theory. The film revolves around the idea that change is needed in order to maintain a form of social order within the districts. This change stems from President Snows totalitarian regime, where he has divided Panem into the Capitol and the Districts. The uses of the Annual Hunger Games and PeaceKeepers (police presence), allows the Capitol to remain in power by having total control of the districts and their resources. The difference in power, allows capitol resident to feel at ease as they do not need to send volunteers to the game. While, district residents have no choice but to participate in the random selection process. Another form of conflict theory is the characters appearances based on clothing. Capitalists have these outrageously, colorful and standout outfits while the districts have on grey colored clothes. Conflict theory revolves around the idea that social order is derived from superiority rather than unity and obedience.

college athletes Essay - 1175 Words

Pay To Play: Should College Athletes Be Paid? Does it make sense for an academic institution to run a multimillion dollar entertainment business, which is what college football and college basketball have become? Does it make sense for these institutions to pay the student-athletes who participate in these football and basketball programs? The reality is that college sports programs, namely the quot;big namequot; programs such as football and basketball programs at marquee schools, are businesses that stand to make a large amount of money for their respective schools. According to an article in the Harvard Journal on Legislation, quot;[i]n the past twelve years, the amount of money generated by these two sports has increased†¦show more content†¦The argument is that if student-athletes get paid, they will remain in school and complete their education. But, is money such a big problem for these student-athletes? Dont they receive scholarships? How much more money do they need? The truth is that quot;fullquot; scholarships do not always entirely cover tuition and cost of living. However, these students can still do what a majority of students do, which is to get loans. Still, some of these student-athletes do not qualify for such loans, so there is still a gap between the money they get and the total cost of attendance. This gap,coupled with the fact that football and basketball players help generate so much revenue, has caused some intercollegiate teams to provide their athletes with extra compensation, which is in direct violation of NCAA bylaws. 41 Harv. J. on Legis. 319. Perhaps creating a method of payment above and beyond scholarships would help to decrease the amount of corruption, and quot;under the tablequot; activities of some of these nationally recognized sports programs. But creating such a system may also lead to other problems. Developing such an economy in college football and basketball would result in a monetary race to buy the best athletes in the country. This would lead to a significant gap inShow MoreRelatedCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1617 Words   |  7 Pageswait for march to come around just for college basketball. Trying to make the perfect bracket to win some money against their friends, and of course the right to gloat about having a bracket. During march you can’t watch one television show without seeing a commercial with a college basketball player on it. Everyone playing as well as everyone watching is filled with excitement and anticipation to see who will be crowned the next national champion. College athletes are some of the hardest working peopleRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesin collegiate sports; should college athletes be paid. For decades now school administers, alumni, boosters, and student athletes have been torn between the two sides, and I, for one, am in agreement with the idea of student athletes be compensated financially for all their time and dedication to their respectable sport. As you can imagine, there are many who oppose the idea, but as I stated in my previous essay there are great benefits for allowing student-athletes to be compensated. However, thisRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?2138 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen produced the past couple of years debating whether college student-athletes should be paid. I specifically chose this topic because it pertains to me, and I can relate to both sides of the argument. Being a student-athlete at St. Lawrence University, I can attest to how much time athletes put into their spor t and all the hard-work put in on a daily basis. On one hand, I see how the student-athlete deems him/herself as a full-time athlete and spend more time practicing and working out for theirRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1397 Words   |  6 Pagessports, is whether or not college athletes should be paid. When referring to college athletes the main focus is on basketball and football athletes. The sports of both basketball and football in the NCAA generate the most revenue amongst all other college sports. The combined profit of these two sports go through a trickling down process, in which the income is distributed amongst the other sports teams of the university. The ideal thing to expect is to pay all college athletes, the reality is that onlyRead MoreCollege Athlete Compensation : College Athletes2251 Words   |  10 PagesCollege Athlete Compensation When the topic of college comes up, many things come to mind. Those are the glory days for most of us. The college parties, the struggle to find a balance between having fun and maintaining a good GPA, and not to mention the amazing athletic departments that colleges offer. Everyone enjoys sports but does anyone ever stop to wonder how much goes into the preparation for those games? There’s much more effort that’s put into it other than just showing up for practice.Read MoreCollege Athlete Compensation : College Athletes2260 Words   |  10 PagesCOLLEGE ATHLETE COMPENSATION When the topic of college comes up, many things come to mind. Those are the glory days for most of us. The college parties, the struggle to find a balance between having fun and maintaining a good GPA, and not to mention the amazing athletic departments that colleges offer. Everyone enjoys sports but does anyone ever stop to wonder how much goes into preparing for those games? There’s very much work that goes in the preparation of a student athlete other than just showingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1499 Words   |  6 PagesStudent athletes commonly go to school for one reason: their love for the sport they participate in. These student athletes get scholarships from large Division 1 schools, which means things such as schooling, board, and food will be paid for by the school so the student athletes do not have to pay for these benefits themselves (Patterson). If college athletes are to be paid, it will cause unfair compensation between players who are valued or played more than others. When student athletes are rewardedRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1021 Words   |  5 Pagesof collegiate student-athletes participate in a variety of different sports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. The result - increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA); therefore, the participating colleges are fueling the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid toRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?849 Words   |  4 Pages It is no surprise that college athletics is on the rise, it has worked it’s way into becoming one of the biggest businesses in America today. With ticket sales, television contracts, and merchandising colleges generate millions of dollars every year. College athletics has such an emotiona l attachment that goes beyond just the students who attend the school. With the NCAA making so much money from these athletes there has been intense debating on whether college athletes should be compensated beyondRead MoreYoung College Athletes730 Words   |  3 Pagesof becoming a college athlete and going down in history. With the many controversies in athletics today it is getting harder to fulfill this dream. One of the main controversies is college athletes becoming employees of the college. There are many reasons why athletes should not be employees. College athletes should not be considered employees of the college it will send a bad message to younger generations, cause contract disagreements and lastly it would make the cost of colleges much high than

Principal’s Role in Teachers Motivation Free Essays

INTRODUCTION The principal or leader of any learning institution is the key component in creating an effective school. In creating an effective school, the principal must be effective in his role as a leader. The principal is the centre of attention and will be observed by teachers, students and parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Principal’s Role in Teachers Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, the principal is the one who should lead by example. Then it is of utmost importance that the principal exhibits qualities of an effective leader that are conducive to creating an effective school. School culture and the relationship that the parents, teachers and students have with the school have been linked closely to school effectiveness. According to Sergiovanni (2000), most successful leaders will tell you that getting the culture right and paying attention to how parents, teachers and students define and experience meaning are two widely accepted rules for creating effective schools. O’Hanlon and Clifton (2004) posit that the principal is on stage all the time and must be effective in maintaining order and establishing a sense of integrity for the school. Having an effective school can be seen as the ‘life blood’ of every principal and highlights the type of leadership style used by the principal to bring about such a school. In addition, school effectiveness results in teachers’ satisfaction and a high level of academic achievement by the students. An effective school is seen as one that promotes the progress of its students in a broad range of intellectual, social and emotional outcomes, where students progress further than might be expected from knowledge of their backgrounds (Sammons et al. , 1995). STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The purpose of this study is to identify the role of principal in creating an effective school. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We can all remember childhood moments when at school, the principal would announce at full assembly the outstanding performance of some athletes or the spelling team for achieving first place in the spelling competition. The expression on the faces of the principal, teachers and students is evidence that the school has achieved something great. It is moments like these that we vividly remember and recall the events with much joy and anticipation. However school effectiveness and the principal’s role are of major concern to principals, teachers, students and parents. For some concern parents, the principal is the deciding factor when it comes to the school that their child will attend. If the principal is one that they believe to have good leadership qualities, they will be comfortable that their child or children will do well at that particular school. It would be extremely difficult for schools to be effective if they are characterised by ineffective leaders or low achieving students. Literature clearly states that a strong leader and high student achievement are clear indicators of an effective school. An effective principal supports high student achievement and ensures that staff makes worthy contributions towards the school being effective (O’Hanlon Clifton, 2004). This research paper will be guided by the following questions: What are the factors influencing school effectiveness? What are the qualities of an effective principal? How does school effectiveness impact on student achievement? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This paper seeks to show the importance of the role of the principal in creating an effective school. It will also examine the qualities needed by the principal in order to create an effective school and points out that the student is first priority in an effective school. Research of this topic will also provide educators, researchers and policy holders with a better understanding of effective schools and principal leadership and how they can improve on these areas. This study will also examine the views of the teachers, students and parents in relation to the relationship between school effectiveness and principal leadership. DEFINITION OF TERMS It is important that the following terms be defined in the context in which they are used in this paper: Effective school- achieves exceptional academic performances and engenders students who are disciplined and well-rounded. Role- a socially expected behavioural pattern usually determined by an individual’s status in a particular society Principal- a person who has controlling authority or is in a leading position School culture- a set of common understandings for organizing actions and language and other symbolic vehicles for expressing common understandings Student achievement- refers to academic success by a student LITERATURE REVIEW Significant efforts have been made in recent times to establish a relationship between effective schools and principal leadership. This is supported by Rice (2010) as she cites Horng et al. , (2009) who states that for decades, the principal has been recognized as an important contributor to the effectiveness of the school and furthermore the principal constitutes the core of the leadership team in school and influences a variety of school outcomes which include student achievement, through their recruitment and motivation of quality teachers and the ability to identify and articulate school vision and goals. Ubben et al. , (2011) define an effective school as one that is achieving high and equitable levels of student learning. They further state that there are seven correlates of an effective school which are as follows: 1. Clear School Mission 2. High Expectations for Success 3. Instructional Leadership 4. Frequent Mentoring of Student Progress 5. Opportunity to Learn and Time on Task 6. Safe and Orderly Environment 7. Home/School Relations Edmonds and Lezotte (2008) offer another perspective of an effective school. They state that 95 percent or more of the students at each grade level must demonstrate minimum academic mastery and are prepared to succeed in the next grade anywhere in the United States, there shall be no significant difference in the proportion of students demonstrating minimum academic mastery as a function of socioeconomic class and the above two conditions must be obtained for a minimum of three consecutive years. Sergiovanni (2009) posits that an effective school is understood to be a school whose students achieve well in basic skills as measured by achievement tests. He also opines that an effective school is one with a shared covenant clearly articulating the school’s core values and providing a standard by which actions will be judged (Sergiovanni, 1992). How to cite Principal’s Role in Teachers Motivation, Papers

Plunkitt Of Tammany Hall Essays - George W. Plunkitt, Tammany Hall

Plunkitt Of Tammany Hall Book Report on Plunkitt of Tammany Hall 1. Honest Graft and Dishonest Graft- When Plunkitt was tipped off about something in the city or someone wanting to built a park or something, he sees the opportunity and he takes it. He buys up the land before they do. When they see that they are going to need the land, he sells it to them at a much higher price than what he paid for it, giving him a nice profit. That is honest graft. Several politicians are accused of stealing dollars from the state's treasury, this is an example of dishonest graft. The condemnation commissioners came along and found piece after piece of land under the name George Plunkitt of the Fifteenth Assembly District, New York City. They wondered how he knew just what to buy. Plunkitt sees the opportunity and he takes it. 2. How to Become a Statesman- If you want to make a fame and fortune for yourself in politics, do not come at them with all of your book smarts and saying how smart you are. That is a big mistake. Get a person to follow you, even if it is only one person and say that you want to join the organization. Do not go at them with your book smarts because they will say that they have no use for you here. 3. The Curse of the Civil Service Reform- Men who have patriotism get it blasted away when they take the civil services examination. The civil service law is the biggest fraud of the age. There are ten thousand good offices, but we cannot get no more than a few hundred of them. When we cannot place these men who wanted to serve their country, they become an Anarchist. There is nothing in the game. 4. Reformers Only Morning' Glories- Many reform movements were started during PLunkitt's forty years in politics, but none have lasted more than a few years. Morning glories looked great in the beginning but folded in short time. These reformers have been going into things without much practice while the politicians, have been practicing all of their lives and know ever fine point of the game. 5. New York City Is Pie for the Hayseeds- New York farmers wanted their taxes lowered because they were too high. The Republican Legislature will make a rush for the farmer and tell him that if he does not see what he wants to ask for it. After they cut the farmers tax , they raise taxes on liquor and some other taxes in New York City. They take half of the proceeds from the State Treasury and cut down the farmers taxes to suit. New York City is a big fat goose. Come along with your carvings knives and have a slice. 6. To Hold Your District: Study Human Nature and Act According'- Plunkitt talks about books being a hindrance and the only way to last is to know everyone in your district. He talks about looking after the people, know what they are interested in and help them with what they want. Help the people and they will help you on election day. 7. On the Shame of the Cities- In Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, Plunkitt says that he does not know how to make decisions. He talks about the Philadelphia Republican Gang and Tammany Hall being almost the same. Plunkitt thinks he is all wrong. Plunkitt seems to talk about politicians stealing, saying that they in 1905 are no worse than 1835 as a class. It just means that the old timers had nothing to steal, while the politicians in 1905 were surrounded by temptations. 8.Ingratitude in Politics- Plunkitt talks about how he was back stabbed by one of the people he took in hand, ?The? McManus. His friends told him that this would happen but he did not believe them. McManus ran ahead of Plunkitt in their own district. He later broke his ties with him. When a district leader is voted in it is like a solemn contract. If you do good and help us out, we will re-elect you next term. If you do not, you will be swatted down and